Kinematic Sequence

How energy transfers from the ground up: Pelvis, Torso, Arms, Club. The defining characteristic of elite ball strikers.

Ground Reaction Forces

You can only rotate as fast as you can push off the ground. Understanding vertical, lateral, and rotational forces.

Angle of Attack

Why hitting down on the driver costs you 20 yards, and why hitting up on an iron is physically impossible without thin contact.

Smash Factor

Energy transfer efficiency. Why 1.50 is the limit, and how center-face contact overrides clubhead speed.

Spin Loft

The 3D angle between dynamic loft and attack angle that determines backspin and compression.